Sundowning occurs in people who have some form of dementia or Alzheimer's. Typically, as the sun goes down, behaviors like agitation, confusion, and anxiety become more pronounced. For some sundowners, these symptoms can last most of the night. Often caregivers seek information on what causes sundowning. Unfortunately, the causes are not greatly understood. Fortunately, caregivers can lessen the severity of sundowning with a few simple tips. 

The Importance of Diet

Diet can play a huge role in the behavior of people who experience sundowning. A good place to begin, when attempting to decrease sundowners symptoms, is to take a look at diet.

• Caffeine and sugar should be lessened or for the most part removed from the diet. At the very least, it's best to only allow these types of foods in the morning. Sugar and caffeine are not dietary necessities, and you can slowly taper them from the diet completely. 
• Whenever possible, have dinner earlier than you normally do. People with dementia often have a hard time during meals, and waiting until the sun has gone down only increases these problems as confusion and agitation worsen. 
• Do offer snacks before bed, but keep it very simple and sugar free. Use a plain dish, unwrap packaging, and do not offer a variety of foods. Make sure that a healthy drink, like water, is available. If necessary, tape a picture of someone taking a drink to the cup. 

Staying Active During the Day

While seniors who sundown may have physical limitations, it is best to stay as active as possible during the day. Not only for quality of life, but it can also lower occurrences of the symptoms associated with sundowning. 

• If possible, caregivers should go on walks every day with dementia or Alzheimer's patients. If the person fears walking due to unusual surroundings, walk in the same place each day or try another activity like gardening in the backyard.
• It is thought that sunlight may also help lessen sundowning symptoms - getting outdoors is one of the best things you can do.
• Anything physical that is within a person's capabilities will help burn energy and get "feel good" endorphin's going.
• As difficult as it may be, do your best to end naps during the day. Some medications or physical limitations such as chronic fatigue or fibromyalgia, can cause drowsiness. Use your best judgement. If possible, try replacing naps with an enjoyable hobby. 

See a Doctor

Sometimes, a physical problem can increase the symptoms associated with sundowning. Chronic pain, the frequent need to urinate, or an infection may be to blame. Make an appointment with a physician who specializes in senior care in the area to rule out any of these issues.

Caregivers can also provide reassurance for the person who is experiencing sundowning symptoms. Using a calm and reassuring tone and gentle touch can be very effective. 

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